Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia ( INO )
Internuclear
ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a disorder of eye
movements caused by a lesion in the medial
longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). The most common
causes of INO are multiple sclerosis where the
condition progresses in a slowly increasing
pattern, and brainstem infarction where the
condition is usually arises with acute onset .
Other causes include head trauma, brainstem and
fourth ventricular tumors, Arnold-Chiari
malformation, infection, hydrocephalus, and
lupus erythematosus. Internuclear
ophthalmoplegia is clinically characterized by
limitation of adduction one eye and a nystagmus
like movements of the other abducting eye.
It may be unilateral and bilateral. The method
of choice for diagnostic imaging of MLF lesion
in patients with INO is MRI.
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